Furthermore, Altmetric data indicates that the paper has been mentioned in 19 news outlets, 4 blogs, 492 tweets, 54 Facebook pages, and been uploaded 69 times in video posts. As of September 1, 2020, the paper has been viewed 179,000 times and cited 100 times (according to Web of Science). Importantly, the safety profile of creatine was also reviewed. This comprehensive paper provided an evidence-based review of the literature examining the effects of creatine supplementation on performance, recovery, injury prevention, exercise tolerance and rehabilitation, neuroprotection, aging, clinical and disease state populations, and pregnancy. Based on the enormous popularity of creatine supplementation, the International Society of Sports Nutrition (ISSN) published an updated position stand in 2017 on the safety and efficacy of creatine supplementation in exercise, sport, and medicine. National Institutes of Health’s National Library of Medicine) there are over 500 peer-refereed publications involving various aspects of creatine supplementation. According to PubMed (archive of biomedical and life sciences journal literature at the U.S. Exogenously, creatine is primarily consumed from meat and/or as a dietary supplement. Are other forms of creatine similar or superior to monohydrate and is creatine stable in solutions/beverages? To answer these questions, an internationally renowned team of research experts was formed to perform an evidence-based scientific evaluation of the literature regarding creatine supplementation.Ĭreatine (methylguanidine-acetic acid) is endogenously formed from reactions involving the amino acids arginine, glycine and methionine in the kidneys and liver. Is creatine only effective for males? 12. Is creatine only useful for resistance / power type activities? 11. Is creatine beneficial for older adults? 10. Is a creatine ‘loading-phase’ required? 9. Is creatine harmful for children and adolescents? 7. Does creatine lead to dehydration and muscle cramping? 6. Does creatine cause hair loss / baldness? 5. Does creatine cause kidney damage/renal dysfunction? 4. Does creatine lead to water retention? 2. These include, but are not limited to: 1. Although there are over 500 peer-refereed publications involving creatine supplementation, it is somewhat surprising that questions regarding the efficacy and safety of creatine still remain. Furthermore, evidence-based research shows that creatine supplementation is relatively well tolerated, especially at recommended dosages (i.e. Accumulating evidence also suggests that creatine supplementation produces a variety of beneficial effects in older and patient populations. Supplementing with creatine is very popular amongst athletes and exercising individuals for improving muscle mass, performance and recovery.
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